Here we will concentrate on the contributions most directly related to the development of Maxwell’s Equations. To name all involved would amount to writing a Who’s Who of 18th and 19th century physics. The sciences of electricity and magnetism and their fusion as electromagnetism evolved through a series of advances from many different scientists. When combined these equations also describe the transmission of radio waves and the propagation of light. These equations can explain how your hair stands on end when you remove your nylon sweater, how a compass needle always points north, how a power station turbine can generate electricity, and how a loudspeaker can convert an electric current into sound. Equation 4 describes how a magnetic field curls around a time-varying electric field or an electric current flowing in a conductor. Equation 3 describes how a time-varying magnetic field will cause an electric field to curl around it. The second pair, Equation 3 and Equation 4, describes how electric and magnetic fields are related. Equation 2 shows that magnetic field lines curl to form closed loops (Figure 4), with the implication that every north pole of a magnet is accompanied by a south pole. It shows that the electric field lines diverge from areas of positive charge and converge onto areas of negative charge (Figure 3). Equation 1 describes the electric force field surrounding a distribution of electric charge ρ. The first pair consists of Equation 1 and Equation 2. The equations can be considered in two pairs. The magnetic force fields are described by H (the magnetic field) and B = µ H (the magnetic flux density), the latter accounting for the magnetization of a material.įigure 4: Magnetic field lines around a bar magnet (left) and a current-carrying wire (right). The electric force fields are described by the quantities E (the electric field) and D = ε E (the electric displacement), the latter including how the electrical charges in a material become polarized in an electric field. The equations are shown in modern notation in Figure 2. In the modern context, Maxwell’s Equations refer to a set of four relations that describe the properties and interrelations of electric and magnetic fields. To set the context for the discovery and development of Maxwell’s Equations it is first important to understand what they are. The theory of electromagnetism was built on the discoveries and advances of many scientists and engineers, but the pivotal contribution was that of Maxwell, who during the second half of the 19th century made the huge conceptual leaps that would enable the great advances in electrical technology throughout the 20th century. Today, Maxwell’s Equations are the essential tool of electrical engineers, used to design all electrical and electronic equipment from cell phones to satellites, televisions to computers and power stations to washing machines. They are named after James Clerk Maxwell (Figure 1), the Scottish physicist whose pioneering work unified the theories of electricity, magnetism, and light. Maxwell’s Equations provide a complete description of electromagnetic phenomena and underpin all modern information and communication technologies. The same information can be found on the Maxwell.pdf file which is part of the installation AnsysEM folder.Figure 2: Maxwell’s Equations in modern vector form ( D = ε E B = µ H). Any excitations not checked will not be considered.įor more details, Ansys customers have access to all ' how to' information. Those excitations checked as Ground will be kept at 0 V and will not be part of the matrix. Excitations checked as Signal will be in the matrix (excited one at a time with 1V during the parameters extraction process).Grounded terminals are treated as reference voltages with zero voltage values. For 2D Electrostatic, 2D and 3D DC Conduction, and 2D and 3D AC Conduction, select or clear the Signal or Ground check box for any of the listed sources.By default, the return path is at infinity however, any conductor with a source specified can act as the return path. For Maxwell 2D designs, the return path for each source may be specified.

For 3D Electrostatic, 2D and 3D Magnetostatic, 2D and 3D Eddy Current designs, select or clear the Include check box for any of the listed sources.

To specify the sources to be included in the matrix, do one of the following:.

Type a name for the matrix in the Name box.

Click Maxwell 3D or Maxwell 2D, and then select Parameters>Assign>Matrix.To solve for a capacitance, inductance, impedance, or conductance matrix:

Maxel electrical